Owning a horse in Nigeria comes with the responsibility of providing proper nutrition to ensure its health, strength, and overall well-being. Horses require a balanced diet rich in fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals to maintain their energy levels and optimal performance. This guide will help Nigerian horse owners choose the best food for their horses at different stages of life.
Understanding a Horse’s Nutritional Needs
Horses have a unique digestive system that requires a diet primarily composed of fiber. Their diet should include:
- Forage (hay and pasture) for gut health and digestion
- Grains (such as maize and oats) for energy
- Protein sources (such as soybean meal) for muscle development
- Essential vitamins and minerals for immunity and bone strength
- Adequate hydration to maintain digestion and overall health
Best Foods for Horses in Nigeria
1. Forage (Hay and Grass) – The Primary Diet
Forage should make up at least 70-80% of a horse’s diet. Horses naturally graze throughout the day, so access to fresh pasture or high-quality hay is essential.
- Best options: Guinea grass, Elephant grass, and Bermuda grass
- How to feed: Provide unlimited access or at least 1.5-2% of the horse’s body weight in hay daily
2. Concentrates (Grains and Processed Feed) – Energy Boosters
While forage is essential, some horses, especially working or performance horses, need extra energy. Grains and formulated feeds provide additional calories and nutrients.
- Best options: Maize, oats, wheat bran, and barley
- Recommended Product: Topfeeds Horse Feed (Available at Dulham Veterinary Store)
- How to feed: Introduce gradually and feed in small portions to prevent digestive issues
3. Protein Sources – For Muscle Growth
Horses require quality protein sources, particularly young and working horses, to build and maintain muscle mass.
- Best options: Soybean meal, groundnut cake, and alfalfa
- How to feed: Mix with grain or processed feed for balanced nutrition
4. Vitamins and Mineral Supplements – Essential Micronutrients
Horses need a variety of minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, and salt, to maintain strong bones and overall health.
- Recommended Supplement: Mineral salt blocks and vitamin premixes
- How to feed: Place a mineral block in the stable for free access
5. Fresh Water – The Most Important Nutrient
Horses require a constant supply of fresh, clean water to aid digestion and hydration, especially in Nigeria’s warm climate.
- How much water? At least 20-40 liters per day depending on activity level and weather
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Feeding Schedule for Horses
| Horse Age/Activity Level | Feeding Frequency | Food Type |
|---|---|---|
| Foals (Up to 6 Months) | 3-4 times a day | Mother’s milk, starter feed, alfalfa |
| Young Horses (6-24 Months) | 3 times a day | Forage, grains, protein supplements |
| Adult Maintenance Horses | 2 times a day | Forage, minimal concentrates |
| Working/Performance Horses | 3 times a day | Forage, grains, supplements |
| Senior Horses (Over 15 Years) | 2 times a day | Soaked hay, easy-to-digest feeds |
Foods to Avoid Feeding Horses
- Moldy or dusty hay – Can cause respiratory issues and colic
- Excess maize – May lead to digestive problems and weight gain
- Caffeine-containing foods (e.g., chocolate) – Toxic to horses
- Cabbage and broccoli – Can cause gas and bloating
- Too many treats (sugar cubes, fruits in excess) – May lead to insulin issues
Keep Your Horse Healthy with the Right Diet!
Providing a balanced diet is key to keeping your horse strong, energetic, and healthy. Get premium horse feed like at the best price from Dulham Veterinary Clinic. Order now to ensure your horse gets top-quality nutrition!
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Feeding Horses
1. Can I feed my horse only grass?
Yes, but it’s best to supplement with quality hay, grains, and mineral blocks to ensure balanced nutrition.
2. How much grain should I feed my horse daily?
The amount depends on the horse’s activity level. For maintenance, 0.5-1kg of grain per 100kg body weight is sufficient.
3. Can I give my horse palm kernel cake?
Yes, but only in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
4. How do I prevent colic in my horse?
Ensure a high-fiber diet, plenty of fresh water, and regular feeding schedules to avoid digestive upsets.
5. Where can I buy high-quality horse feed in Nigeria?
You can get Topfeeds Horse Feed and other premium feeds at Dulham Veterinary Clinic.